My example of semiotics would be that when i see a plate it automatically think that this is to serve food in.
- He was born on 12th November 1915 and he was born in Cherbourg.
- He was a French literary theorist, critic, semioticians and a philosopher.
- He died on 25th march 1980 in Paris. The cause of his demise was due to “pulmonary complications” due to the accident he had from after coming out of the lunch.
- He was unconscious and his nose was bleeding so he was taken to the Salpêtrière hospital, where it took so many hours to establish who he was.
The cause of his demise was due to pulmonary complications due to the accident he had from after coming out of the lunch.
Pulmonary means that he had breathing problems, chest pains , lungs were hurting.
in 1934 his left lung began to pain. he went for the military service and was taken out of that due to him contracting tuberculosis.
He said that when words and sound come together they make meaning which suggests that they make signifier and signified.
Key Principles part 1
- Barthes explored a range of fields and he influenced them such as semiotics, social theory, anthropology and post-structuralism.
- Barthes mythologies (1957) interrogated certain specific cultural materials to expose how bourgeois society which shows the values through it.
- In the French society the representation of wine is a healthy and strong habit however wine is considered to be unhealthy and make you weak however this is how he discovered semiotics.
- The key principles of the theory is that when you see something you interpret different meanings for example when a wine bottle is presented in front of you with a wine glass then you know that this is for the wine whereas when you see a beer glass near the wine bottle then you know that this is not right.
- He has explored a variety of signs in his life and made his interpretation of signs an founded the semiotic theory.
- His thought of semiotics theory as an explanation of myth. He studied the subject not as a process but as an attitude.
- He mntioned that semiology gave him massive opportunities to self proclaim petit myths.
- He said that semiology is like set of shutters that provide only one tool for understanding meaning of signs.
- Roland Barthes had explored the meaning of signs and made the semiotic theory relate to life even now.
Barthes has stated certain facts in the second half of the book about what is a myth? He full justifies his choice and analysis.
He decides to states certain facts about the ideas of semiology that was developed by Ferdinand de Saussure in that century. As Saussure defined the connections between an object(Signified) and its linguistic representation(Word-Signifier).
He decided to work on this structure to develop his ideas of a myth as a further sign which is in its root of language but to this something else is added.
He stated the fact that when you have a word the meaning and the sound come together to make a sign.
He stated the fact that to make a myth the sign itself is made the signifier and the new meaning is added to symbolise the signified.
But he believes that this is not added unintentionally.
Barthes believe that mythologies are formed to perpetuate an idea of society that adheres to the current ideologies of the higher ranking class and its media.
Barthes Examples of the semiotics Theory:
In the picture “France is shown to be a great empire, that all her sons, without any colour discrimination , faithfully serve under her flag,”. However I think that the combination of the signifier and the signified represents that ideas of myth of imperial devotion, success and a property of significance .
To demonstrate this theory he states the facts through an example of the cover from Paris match. This shows a young black soldier in French uniform saluting(Signifier).This cannot offer us more facts of the young man’s life.This has been chosen by the magazine to represent more than the young man.
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| My Example and this discusses the signifier wine and the signified wine bottle. which become a drink/ celebration. |
FERDINAND SAUSSURE-
Structuralist work of Swiss linguist(1857- 1913) promoted the idea of semiology. Cultural Creation and innate how things are represented. - He was born 26 November 1857 in Geneva.
- He died 22 February 1913.
- He was a Swiss linguist.
- He is one of the founding fathers of semiotics.
- His most influential work was Course in General Linguistic Published in 1916.
- He studied Latin, Greek, Sanskrit, and variety of courses at the university of Geneva.
- He published a book entitled ( Dissertation on the Primitive Vowel System in Indo-European Languages).
- He lectured on Sanskrit and indo-European at the university of Geneva for the remainder of his life.
- He said " language is no longer regarded as peripherals to our grasp of the world we live in, buy as central to it; words are not mere vocal labels or communicational adjuncts superimposed upon an already given order of things.
- They are collective products of social interaction ,essential instruments through which human beings constitute and articulate their world.
- This typical twentieth century view of language has profoundly influenced developments throughout the whole range of human science.
- It is particularly marked in linguistics ,philosophy , psychology, sociology and anthropology ".
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An example of Saussure's theory of semiotics:
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this example is showing how signifier and signified are used in saussure's theory.
This diagram shows the language and myth being positoned in to the two catergories.
Semiotics, which is also called semitiotic studies or semiology. this is the study of signs an sign processes. Semiotics is closely related to the field of linguistics which for its part the studeis structure and the meaning of language more specifically. Since Saussure is on of the founding fathers of linguistics which is also referred to as semitoics.
He has the concept of the sign/ signifier/signified/referent forms which are the core of the field. equally crucial as this is oftern overlooked or misapplied. this is the dmiension of the syntagmatic and paradigimatic axis of linguistic description.
So basically i think that Saussure it trying to say that signifier is the denotation of something and the signified is the connotations it gives out.
Saussure begins his theory by proposing that language is composed of “signs”; he says the linguistic sign unites, not a thing and a name, but a concept and a sound-image.
Science which studies the roles of signs as part of social life.
He defined a sign as being composed of:
a 'signifier’ - the form which the sign takes; and
the 'signified' - the concept it represents.
CHARLES SANDERS PEIRCE-
American who took the ideas and expanded them to include not just language but other social constructs in society such as the way society itself is ordered, labelled and governed by the set of rules.
He was born on septmeber 10 1839.
He was born at 3 Phillips Place in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
He died at the age 74 on the 14th april 1914. he died in milford, pennsylvania.
he was an american Philosopher, Logician, Mathematician and scientist.
Logic was formal Semitoics:
Peirce
required through
his wide-ranging studies during
the
decades, formal philosophical ways to articulate thought's processes, and also
to explain the workings of science. These inextricably entangled questions of a
dynamics of examination
rooted in
nature and nurture led him to develop his semiotic with very broadened
conceptions of signs and inference, and, as its culmination, a theory of
inquiry for the task of saying 'how science works' and devising explore methods.
This would be logic by the
medieval classification
taught
for centuries: art of arts, science of sciences, having the way to the ethics of all methods. Influences spread out from points on
parallel lines of inquiry in Aristotle's work, in such loci as: the basic
terminology of psychology in On the Soul; the beginning description of sign
relations in On Interpretation; and the separation of inference into three modes that are commonly
translated into English as abduction, deduction, and induction, in the Prior
Analytics,
as well as inference by analogy (called paradeigma by Aristotle), which
Peirce regarded as involving the other three modes.
Peirce
began writing on semiotic in the 1860s, around the time when he devised his
system of three categories. He called it both semiotic and semeiotic. Both are
current in singular and plural. He based it on the origin of a triadic sign relation, and defined semiosis as
"action, or influence, which is, or involves, a cooperation of three
subjects, such as a sign, its object, and its interpretant, this tri-relative
influence not being in any way resolvable into actions between pairs". As to signs in
thought, Peirce emphasized the reverse:
To
say, therefore, that thought cannot occur in an instant, but requires a time, is but another way
of saying that every thought must be interpreted in another, or that all
thought is in signs.—Peirce 1868.
Peirce
held that all thinking
is in signs, issuing
in and from interpretation, where 'sign' is the word for the broadest variety
of conceivable semblances, diagrams, metaphors, symptoms, signals,
designations, symbols, texts, even mental concepts and ideas, all as
determinations of a mind or quasi-mind, that which at least functions like a
mind, as in the work of crystals or bees— the focus is on sign action in
general rather than on psychology, linguistics, or social studies (fields which
he also pursued).
Inquiry
is a kind of implication
process, a manner of
thinking and semiosis. Global
divisions of ways for phenomena to stand as signs, and the subsumption of
inquiry and thinking within inference as a sign process, enable the study of
inquiry on semiotics' three levels:
•Conditions
for meaningfulness. Study of significatory elements and combinations, their
grammar.
•Validity,
conditions for true representation. Critique of arguments in their various
separate modes.
•Conditions
for determining interpretations. Methodology of inquiry in its mutually
interacting modes.
Peirce uses examples
often from common experience, but defines and discusses such things as
assertion and interpretation in terms of philosophical logic.
Peirce
uses examples often from common experience, but defines and discusses such
things as assertion and interpretation in terms of philosophical logic. In
a formal vein,
Peirce said:
On the
Definition of Logic. Logic
is formal semiotic. A
sign is something, A, which brings something, B, its interpretant sign, firm or created by it,
into the same sort of communication
(or a
lower implied sort) with something, C, its object, as that in which itself
stands to C. This definition no more involves any reference to human consideration than does the meaning of a line as the
place within which a particle lies during a lapse of time. It is from this description that I assume the principles of
logic by mathematical reasoning, and by mathematical reasoning that, I aver,
will support criticism of Weierstrassian cruelty, and that is perfectly evident. The word
"formal" in the characterization is also clear.
—Peirce, "Carnegie Application", The New Elements of Mathematics v. 4, p. 54.
—Peirce, "Carnegie Application", The New Elements of Mathematics v. 4, p. 54.
•Peirce
held
there are exactly three basic elements in semiosis (sign action):
A sign (or representamen) represents, in the broadest
possible sense of "represents". It is something interpretable as saying something about
something. It is not necessarily symbolic, linguistic, or artificial. As Peirce sometimes
put it (he defined sign
at least 76 times),
the sign
stands for
the object to
the interpretant. A sign represents its object in some respect, which respect
is the sign's ground.
An
object
(or semiotic object) is a subject matter of a sign and an interpretant. It
can be anything thinkable, a quality, an occurrence, a rule, etc., even
fictional, such as Prince Hamlet. All of those are special or partial objects. The object most
accurately is the universe of discourse to which the biased or special object belongs.
For
example, a
perturbation of Pluto's orbit is a sign about Pluto but in due course not only about Pluto.
An object either (i) is immediate to a sign and is the object as represented in the sign
or (ii) is a dynamic object, the object as it really is, on which the
immediate object is founded "as on bedrock".
An
interpretant (or interpretant sign) is a sign's meaning
or implication
as formed
into a kind of idea or effect, an interpretation, human or otherwise. An
interpretant is a sign (a) of the object and (b) of the interpretant's
"predecessor" (the interpreted sign) as a sign of the same object. An
interpretant either (i) is immediate to a sign and is a
kind of quality or possibility such as a word's usual meaning, or (ii) is a dynamic interpretant, such
as a state of agitation, or (iii) is a final or normal interpretant, a sum
of the lessons which a suitably
considered
sign would
have as effects on practice, and with which an actual interpretant may at most agree.
Some
of the perceptive
needed by
the mind depends on acquaintance
with the
object. To know what a given sign denotes, the mind needs some practice of that sign's
object, experience outside of, and collateral to, that sign or sign system. In that context
Peirce speaks of collateral experience, collateral observation, collateral
acquaintance, all in much the same terms.
Classes
of signs
Among Peirce's
many sign typologies, three stand out, interlocked. The first typology depends
on the sign itself, the second on how the sign stands for its denoted object,
and the third on how the sign stands for its object to its interpretant. Also,
each of the three typologies is a three-way division, a trichotomy, via
Peirce's three phenomenological categories: (1) quality of feeling, (2)
reaction, resistance, and (3) representation, mediation.[
From this i have gathered that charles peirce is trying to say that there are three catergories and htey are signified, signifier and then both the signifier and signified are combined to make a visual and transparent meaning.
